Kuwa-chan’s Decontamination Effort: A Promise with Children


Yutaka Kuwabara, aka Kuwa-chan, used to work as a radiation administrative worker at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP), participating in technical investigation, primary loop recirculation system duct renovation, and detailed checkup of turbine. Also having engaged in natural farming, he used to live in Namie Town, Fukushima, within 20 km of the FDNNP. He and his late-wife, who died of cancer in March 2013, evacuated to Saitama Prefecture shortly after the FDNPP accident following the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami on March 11th, 2011. After the accident, Kuwa-chan became so disgusted with how much information was covered up both by TEPCO and the Japanese government that he has grown vocal on Twitter and in his blog, sharing his expert knowledge and educating general public about radiation. He has been going to various parts of Fukushima Prefecture, totally at his own expense, to take radiation measurements and conduct decontamination all on his own.


On June 22, 2013, he happened to come by the "Yanagawa-kibōnomori-kōenmae Station" in Yanagawa Town, Date City, Fukushima Prefecture, about 60 km northwest of the FDNPP. ("Yanagawa-kibōnomori-kōen" is the name of a recreational park, literally translated to "Yanagawa Forest of Hope Park," and the station name indicates it is "in front of" the park, although the park itself is about a ten-minute walk away). He noticed the air dose rate was rather high at the station. The station manager asked him to take measurements in and around the station building. He discovered an air dose rate of 1 μSv/h, which prompted him to conduct immediate decontamination. He returned to the station the following day to take detailed measurements of the station platform as well as the traffic circle in front of the main entrance to the station. He then conducted decontamination beginning with the area with the most foot traffic.

Station platform before decontamination on June 22, 2013.  
The highest ground surface dose rate was 10.2 μSv/h at 1 cm above ground, and the highest air dose rate was1.86 μSv/h at 1 m high above ground. Orange elliptical shapes denote areas decontaminated. 



Caption: Steps of decontamination 
  1. Preparation
  2. Wall surface decontamination
  3. Collection of burnable trash
  4. Decontamination and collection of radioactively contaminated soil
  5. Clean-up

The station platform after decontamination on June 23, 2013.  
Numbers in orange boxes indicate air dose rates at 1 m high above the gutter before and after decontamination in μSv/h, and white lines indicate decontaminated areas, the same as orange elliptical shapes in the previous image. Radioactively contaminated dirt in the gutter could not be removed without a proper radioactive waste drum can. Kuwa-chan asked the station manager to request three drum cans. The surface dose rates on the gutter cover ranged from 0.4 to 1.05 μSv/h, and he warns to stand 50 cm away from it.



The radiation dose map of the station platform based on radiation measurements (in μSv/h) taken in early morning (4 to 4:30 am) of June 24, 2013.



Dose rates in front of the station entrance which was decontaminated on June 23, 2013. Measurements  and photos taken on June 24, 2013. ("x" denotes air dose rates at 1 m, "● " denotes surface dose rates at 1 cm; in μSv/h; gamma radiation only).




Elementary, middle and high schools in Yanagawa Town, Date City, are all located near this "Yanagawa-kibōnomori-kōenmae Station." Students also commute to this station from the adjacent stops such as "Yanagawa Station" and "Hobara Station." Many students wait for family members to pick them up on the sidewalk at the traffic circle in front of the station entrance, often sitting on the concrete curb of the sidewalk. 

This dose distribution map was created after radiation measurements were taken on June 24, 2013, of areas decontaminated on June 22 to 23, 2013. The surface dose rate of the concrete curb where the students would sit waiting to be picked up was 0.93 μSv/h in only gamma radiation.




Kuwa-chan was asked by children to decontaminate areas where they can sit by July 15, 2013, the last day of the three-day weekend in mid-July. He promised them that he "would clean from the station entrance up to the telephone booth by the end of the three-day weekend." He kept his promise.  He also told them not to sit on the sidewalk curb past the telephone booth. Fortunately, the station manager of the "Yanagawa-kibōnomori-kōenmae Station," also running the station eatery "Hachiman," has trusting relationships with the children, always watching over them and telling them not to sit on the sidewalk curb.

In the July 14, 2013, videotape shot by Jun Onishi, also known as his Twitter account name, @Birdhairjp, Kuwa-chan's careful and meticulous decontamination work is depicted.  (Incidentally, Onishi is the person who videotaped and collected the extremely radioactive roadside dust in Namie Town, described in this post).




Kuwa-chan said he was finishing up the decontamination work when this videotape was shot. It was a hot and humid summer day, and he tried his best not to sweat, as the the contaminated material will go through the Tyvek protective coverall if it's wet from the sweat; he was wearing the Tyvek coverall over just an underwear. All the equipments shown, including the Tyvek protective coverall, face shield, mask, decontamination tools and radiation monitors are privately paid for and owned by Kuwa-chan. The radioactively contaminated dirt removed from the area is being stored in a secure drum can on a private property.

During the time period when he was engaged in the decontamination work, Kuwa-chan was usually there when people were off work and school, or early morning before the commuters began arriving, such as 4 am, taking care to avoid when the foot traffic was heavy. On no school days, he was cheered by students coming to school for club activities. One six-grade girl would watch him work from distance, watching him until he finally managed to finish the job on July 15, 2013. As he was leaving, she asked, "Are you going back to Saitama?" He asked her, "Yes. Do you want me to come back again?" He still remembers how she adoringly nodded, "Yes." 

Kuwa-chan says, "What I am doing is a very small act. I am doing it, in the hope that children who are stuck in contaminated areas could avoid even a little bit of radiation exposure. Also, I wanted to show them how to decontaminate properly, so that they will learn how to decontaminate and protect themselves if they cannot move away from contaminated areas, so that ultimately they will be self-sufficient. Moreover, I wanted them to know the reality. It looks odd for them to see someone wearing the Tyvek protective suit, face shield, and mask, but I wanted to emphasize this was the proper decontamination attire."

Furthermore, when the station manager reported the radioactive contamination levels of the "Yanagawa-kibōnomori-kōenmae Station," to Date City officials, they told her it was only the station building itself that was under jurisdiction of the city, not the traffic circle and the platform. Although Kuwa-chan had asked the station manager to get from the city three drum cans for storage of radioactive soil from further decontamination work, the city never provided them. Anecdotal stories from the local residents offer an insight into the stance of Date City's Civic Life Department Radiation Management Division: They are busy trying to convince residents radiation is harmless and manageable.

By the way, Date City has multiple hotspots. In particular, Oguni Elementary School, featured in this post and featured in a documentary by Ian Thomas Ash, "A2-B-C," is well known to have highly radioactive hotspots outside the school property. (In this video, the air dose rate is shown to be 0.66 μSv/h in April 2013, which apparently used to be 1.67 μSv/h a year ago before decontamination was done, indicated by green tarps covering the ground).

Kuwa-chan says angrily, "The local government is not putting enough resources into decontaminating places where the children can be most exposed to radiation, such as the walking routes to schools. Instead, they are focusing on the inside of school property and parks, or even agricultural fields and mountains where decontamination is not very effective. They don't understand behavior of children. This country says children are precious, but they are not protecting them."

One individual diligently continues meticulous decontamination work, in places ignored by the national or local government.

*****

This decontamination work has a postscript. 

Kuwa-chan did not just conduct decontamination, but he actually sent the environmental samples, removed from the sidewalk curb where children were sitting, for the radiological analysis. The photo below shows where the samples were collected.



The results of the radiological analysis are shown below. The sample collection date is incorrectly noted as July 2, 2013, but it was actually July 12, 2013. In all analyses, the measurement time was 30 minutes, and the cesium measurement is decay corrected to the collection date. A Germanium gamma detector and a nuclear spectroscopy analytical program InterWinner, both by French company, ITech, were used.

The first two results are for the sample number 13090402-2, collected on July 12, 2013 and analyzed on September 10, 2013. (The photo above shows two sample collection spots with the same sample number, but this result, actually mislabeled in the image as 13090402-3, is for the sample collected from the inner edge and the bottom part of the curb closer to the station entrance).

The result showed cesium 134 of 22,200 Bq/kg (detection limit 95.6 Bq/kg) and cesium 137 of 50,100 Bq/kg (detection limit 73.6 Bq/kb), revealing how severe the radioactive contamination was where the children were sitting. As cesium emits both gamma and beta radiation, children's genital area could have been irradiated while sitting there.


The following result is from the same sample, except cesium was removed with zeolite and a subsequent chemical reaction. Both cesium 134 and cesium 137 were reduced to one-twentieth of the original amount: Cesium 134 was 1,190 Bq/kg (detection limit 20.3 Bq/kg) and cesium 137 was 2,580 Bq/kg (detection limit 17.6 Bq/kg).


The last analytical result is for the sample number 13090402-3, and it's collection spot is labeled with the correct number and indicated with a circle in the sidewalk on the inside of the curb in the image above.

Cesium 134 was 6,080 Bq/kg (detection limit 41.2 Bq/kg) and cesium 137 was 14,000 Bq/kg (detection limit 29.1 Bq/kg), less than 30% of the other sample.


*****

The image below shows the type of tools he was using in decontamination work and the areas where he was decontaminating.


This detector, the Aloka gamma survey meter TCS-171, shows the amount of gamma radiation alone on the curbside: 1.73 μSv/h.


This detector, Inspector, shows a combined reading of beta and gamma radiation on the curbside: 3.649 μSv/h.







How a Scientist Was Censored by the Japanese Government After the Fukushima Accident

The following was written on September 20, 2013, for an e-mail communication on some mailing lists, based on the information from the Japanese news and a Japanese blog that summarized a series of Asahi Shimbun articles, called Prometheus Trap: Order to Suspend Radiation Monitoring, published in February 2012.  Although the English version of this Prometheus series is available online, only a limited number of articles can be accessed without monthly payments.

Although this post was not originally intended to be publicized as a blog post, it seemed appropriate to include it here because it is important to address Aoyama's statement in view of his past struggle with the governmental interference. 

*****
On September 18, 2013, the Japan Meteorological Agency scientist, Michio Aoyama, told the audience at the IAEA 2013 Scientific Forum "The Blue Planet - Nuclear Applications for a Sustainable Marine Environment," that 60 GBq of Cesium-137 & Strontium-90 directly go out to the ocean outside of the Fukushima Daiichi port daily, contradicting the Japanese Prime Minister Abe's words about the contaminated water being blocked from going beyond the port.

It turns out that Fukushima Daiichi's undamaged Unit 5 and 6 take up the Fukushima Daiichi port water for cooling and release the contaminated effluent north of the port, directly into the Pacific Ocean.  This fact, by default, invalidates the Prime Minister Abe's infamous "total block" statement.

Michio Aoyama, a senior scientist at Geochemical Research Department of Meteorological Research Institute, Japanese Meteorological Agency, and a long-time researcher of environmental impact of radioactivity, had his research censored by the government shortly after the Fukushima accident.  First, his team was deprived of funding to check environmental radioactivity almost immediately after the accident and ordered not to take any measurements.  (His team learned of the explosion on TV and immediately began taking samples to take measurements.  The radiation levels were so high that their instruments were not able to take proper measurements, so they were in the middle of making adjustments to enable the necessary measurements when the order came not to take any measurements).  But Aoyama's team ignored the order and continued the measurements with the underground support by other research institutes.  Then Aoyama was told not to release his research findings, co-written by Ken Buesseler and slated to be published in Nature, which stated that the Fukushima oceanic contamination was several orders of magnitude higher than that from the past nuclear testing and at least one order of magnitude higher than the contamination in Black Sea and Baltic Sea due to the 1986 Chernobyl accident.  His superior said to take this part out, which was actually written by Ken Buesseler.  Aoyama could not publish this study due to the Meteorological Agency not giving him permission. 

IAEA's Scientific Forum this year happened to be on radiation and ocean, and Aoyama might have seized the moment to reveal the truth.

However, this does not seem to be taken up by the foreign media.  It might be because this is considered a "routine" release.  However, it does not seem to be a common knowledge amongst the general public that normally operating NPPs release so much radioactivity into ocean/river/lake, so the media might not want to draw attention to it.  In Japan, it became a news item because it directly opposed what the Prime Minister Abe told the International Olympic Committee about the contamination being totally blocked at the port perimeter.

*****

References

IAEA 2013 Scientific Forum Program PDF
Japanese blog covering the summary of the Prometheus Trap series.
The Prometheus Trap: Order to Suspend Radiation Monitoring (a series of 15 stories)


Is a Study Abroad Program in Japan Safe?

Everyone has to make their own decisions about participating in a Study Abroad Program in current Japan, but here is one female college student's experience.

"I studied abroad in Japan last fall, from late August to late November. I spent the majority of my time in Kyoto, albeit a few weekend trips to nearby cities. My last two weeks in Japan were dedicated to an independent research study, during which I traveled to Tokyo for five days, Nikko for two days and Sendai for two days. While in Nikko, I experienced a constant headache. From there, I took a bullet train through Fukushima up to Sendai. I experienced a severe migraine while traveling through Fukushima by train, and by the time I got to Sendai, I felt fine. I have a history of migraines since Feb. 2009, when I suffered a concussion from a car accident. Despite that, I hadn't experienced a migraine for at least six months before I went through Fukushima. 

Within the three weeks following my visits to Nikko and Sendai, I experienced on-and-off headaches and migraines. At the time, I was not sure if I could attribute that to radiation exposure or something else like altitude sickness or poor sleep. It was nonetheless unusual for me. 

One week after returning to the United States, I began experiencing more severe symptoms of radiation exposure. I had daily bloody noses that lasted until mid-January. I had frequent stomach pain and nausea. In mid-December, I experienced 48 hours of constant vomiting. I've had food poisoning before, and this was much much worse. It was one of the most painful experiences of my life. During the rest of the week, I continued to vomit on and off, but not continuously. Until about mid-January, my headaches, migraines, nausea and dizziness continued. I did not see a doctor during that time because I was traveling; I had made these plans before my trip to Japan, and I was nowhere near my regular physician. When I saw my doctor after the symptoms had stopped, I was told that there was no way of knowing whether I had experienced radiation sickness or still have radiation in my body. Doctors and nuclear experts have told me that my symptoms were typical of low radiation exposure. It's amazing to me that one can get so sick even from being exposed to radiation for such a short period of time. And for the record, I haven't had any of those symptoms since January. 

In Nikko and Sendai, I ate no fish and drank only bottled water and green tea. In Nikko, I probably had hot tea at my hostel. In Tokyo, I ate sushi near Tsukiji market. No other fish. I didn't eat dairy products, and I had no way of knowing where my rice and vegetables were coming from. At the time, my Kanji knowledge was very poor. "

JFK "Our children and grandchildren are not merely statistics."

The world would be a much better place if all adults shared this sentiment.

Excerpt from President John F. Kennedy's historic speech
http://www.presidentialrhetoric.com/historicspeeches/kennedy/nucleartestban.html
Video 
http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/ZNOo49DpRUa-kMetjWmSyg.aspx


JOHN F. KENNEDY
Radio and Television Address to the American People on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Washington, D.C.
July 26, 1963

"The number of children and grandchildren with cancer in their bones, with leukemia in their blood, or with poison in their lungs might seem statistically small to some, in comparison with natural health hazards. But this is not a natural health hazard-and it is not a statistical issue. The loss of even one human life, or the malformation of even one baby-who may be born long after all of us have gone-should be of concern to us all. Our children and grandchildren are not merely statistics towards which we can be indifferent."

Unexplained Discrepancies Explained in Fukushima Thyroid Cancer Data

On August 22, Mako Oshidori received an e-mail from the Public Relations Department of Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey at Fukushima Medical University, explaining the circumstances surrounding the discrepancies described in this post: http://fukushimavoice-eng2.blogspot.com/2013/08/unexplained-discrepancies-in-thyroid.html

The e-mail, posted at http://no-border.asia/archives/13723, is fully translated into English below.
*****

In regards to mistakes in the Proceedings of the Eleventh Fukushima Prefecture "Prefecture Health Management Survey" Oversight Committee.

   Apologies for the delay, but we have confirmed how and why the above-mentioned mistakes were made.  They are explained below.
   We will be making an announcement to the prefecture and national residents at a later time, explaining the details.
   We deeply regret and apologize for causing trouble for all involved by making mistakes in extremely important data.

《Corrections made》
① Results of cytological examination
Average age for FY2011 was changed from "17.3 ± 2.0 years" to "17.2 ± 1.9 years."
Age as of March 11, 2011 for FY2011 was changed from "age 11-17" to "age 11-18."
Average age for FY2012 was changed from 16.1 ± 2.6 years" to "16.1 ± 2.8 years."
② Corrections were made for the age and gender distribution graph for 28 cases confirmed or suspected of cancer.

How mistakes were discovered
   After the handout material for the Twelfth Oversight Committee, held on August 20, 2013, was submitted to the prefectural government on August 5, 2013, Fukushima Medical University was contacted on August 12, 2013 by the prefectural government in regards to possible mistakes including some of the numbers.
   First the Twelfth Oversight Committee report was reviewed, and the mistakes specified were revealed.
   The committee made appropriate corrections.  
   Then the committee reviewed the proceedings of the Eleventh Oversight Committee meeting containing the same data.  Similar mistakes were discovered and the corrected version was publicized after the August 20, 2013 meeting.

《Reasons why mistakes happened》
(1) Average age and age as of March 11, 2011, for FY2011
   The individual who created the data calculated the ages from birth date of the subjects, but a calculation error was made for one subject in regards to "age at the time of secondary examination" and "age as of March 11, 2011."
(2) Average age for FY2012
   A typographical error was made, showing the standard deviation as 2.6 instead of 2.8.
(3) Age and gender distribution graph
   In creating the age and gender distribution graph for the 28 cases, "age as of March 11, 2011" was calculated by subtracting 2 years from "age at the time of secondary examination."
   In addition, it was revealed that the age and gender did not match due to a sorting error of the individual processing data in making the graph.
   "Age as of March 11, 2011" was corrected, and the sorting error was also corrected.  This changed the number of subject as well as the number of male and female in each age group.  The original data for the 28 cases is accurate and the gender ratio remains as is.

   All of the errors originate in the fact that data processing was not scrutinized and detailed checks were not performed afterwards.  We think the main reasons for the mistakes were because this was the material that was created for the first time for the Eleventh Oversight Committee meeting, and also because the data was handled by a limited number of individuals and did not go through multiple auditing processes.

《Future plans》
   From now on, data processing personnel and all those involved will be reminded of the importance of carefully examining data.  In addition, a system will be established in order to ascertain double checking when creating data.
   As the Thyroid Examination Department encompasses multiple tasks, each person in charge of a specific task created the material (used in the report) and checked it himself/herself up to now.  However, when creating the material to be submitted to the committee, we will check and confirm in an integrated manner by creating a team with clear job descriptions and expectation of responsibilities, and thus try to decrease careless mistakes.





Twelfth Prefectural Oversight Committee Meeting: Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Results

The Proceedings of the Twelfth Prefectural Oversight Committee Meeting for Fukushima Health Management Survey were released on August 20, 2013.  Below is the translation of the thyroid ultrasound examination.

Original Japanese document can be found here: http://www.pref.fukushima.jp/imu/kenkoukanri/250820siryou2.pdf


Official English translation can be found here.

For a summary of the thyroid examination results, please refer to this post.


Note: Errata released on November 13, 2013 can be viewed here with an explanation here


1. Implementation status of the initial examination (in-prefecture)

   FY2013 examination began on April 22, 2013.  The examination will be conducted in approximately 158,783 subjects in 34 municipalities by the end of March 2014.
   Currently the examination is being conducted in the municipalities shown below, according to the original plan.

【Implementation status table for thyroid examination (initial examination): in-prefecture】(as of July 31, 2013)


FY2013 target municipalities (only five municipalities where the examination is currently conducted are listed). 

(Note: the top line in column "a" shows the current number of eligible subjects, whereas the bottom line shows an overall number of eligible subjects).



FY2012 target municipalities (Iwaki-city only includes Hisanohama District)

FY2011 target municipalities (13 municipalities designated by the national government as the evacuation zone)
※1 The top row shows the number of subjects who actually underwent the initial thyroid ultrasound examination.  The middle row shows the rate of eligible subjects who were examined in each age group.  The bottom row shows the proportion of subjects in each age group who actually underwent the initial thyroid ultrasound examination.
※2   The number of subjects, originally Fukushima residents, now residing outside Fukushima Prefecture, who came back to Fukushima Prefecture to undergo thyroid ultrasound examination.
● Proportions shown to the first decimal point might not add up to 100% due to rounding off.
● Age shown is the age as of March 11, 2011.

2. Implementation status of the initial examination (out-of-prefecture)
   Thyroid examination has been conducted, since November 1, 2012, at examination facilities outside Fukushima Prefecture which singed an an agreement with Fukushima Medical University.
   Currently, notices for out-of-prefecture examinations are being sent to subjects from municipalities where the examination was implemented up to FY2012.  Examinations are conducted in order.  Breakdown by municipalities are shown below.

【Implementation status table for thyroid examination (initial examination): out-of-prefecture】   


FY2012 target municipalities (as of June 30, 2013)

FY2011 target municipalities (as of June 30, 2013)
※1 The number of notices sent to the eligible subjects who have not undergone examinations at their respective municipalities. (Including out-of-prefecture residents)
Proportions shown to the first decimal point might not add up to 100% due to rounding off.
● Those who have not undergone the examination may be examined either inside or outside Fukushima Prefecture.
● Age shown is the age as of March 11, 2011.

3. Initial examination results summary for FY 2011, 2012 and 2013
The results confirmed up to the June 7, 2013 examination date, are shown below. For results summary by municipalities, refer to the attachments.

【Summary sheet by assessment categories for thyroid examination (initial examination)  

Results confirmed up to the June 7, 2013, examination date.          (Unit: upper row-persons, bottom row-%)
※1 The number of results confirmed, "b," denotes the number of subjects examined at examination facilities either inside or outside Fukushima Prefecture, whose results were confirmed.
 ① Explanation of the assessment categories
   (i)   Assessment A: (A1) No nodules or cysts.
                                   (A2) Nodules 5.0 mm or smaller, or cysts 20.0 mm or smaller.
   (ii)  Assessment B: Nodules 5.1 mm or larger, or cysts 20.1 mm or larger.
   (iii) Assessment C: The condition of the thyroid gland warrants an immediate secondary examination.
② Explanation of assessment results
(i) A1 and A2 will be under observation until the next round of examination beginning in FY2015.
(ii) B and C will undergo secondary examination.
(iii) Some A2 cases might be considered B if the condition of the thyroid gland warrants secondary examination.
Proportions shown to the first decimal point might not add up to 100% due to rounding off.
4. Secondary examination
(1) Implementation status
When lumps (nodular lesions) etc. have been found in the initial thyroid ultrasound examination, secondary examinations will be conducted at Fukushima Medical University, including detailed ultrasound, blood and urine tests, and biopsy if needed).
As of June 2013, the secondary examination is being conducted by three physicians per day instead of two.
Also, in addition to Fukushima Medical University, Hoshi General Hospital in Koriyama City and Fukushima Rousai Hospital in Iwaki City began secondary examination on July 24 and July 26, 2013, respectively.

【Implementation status table for thyroid examination (secondary examination)】

FY2013 target municipalities

FY2012 target municipalities


FY2011 target municipalities

FY2011-2013 municipalities grand total
※1   "a" denotes a total number of subjects who were examined by July 31, 2013, at examination facilities either inside or outside Fukushima Prefecture.
※2   "h" does not include the subjects who have not received the examination results for blood and urine tests and biopsy.
※3   "i" and "j" will be followed up in the full-scale examination beginning in April 2014.
※4   "k" denotes subjects who will be followed up in approximately 6 months to one year using regular health insurance.
● FY2013 results are not shown by municipalities as only a few subjects underwent the secondary examination.
Proportions shown to the first decimal point might not add up to 100% due to rounding off.
● Secondary examination requires multiple visits, as blood and urine tests are conducted first and the results reported at a later date.

   (2) Number of new patients per month
Trend of the number of new patients for secondary examination which began in March 2012 is shown below.

(3) Summary of results
 ① Results of cytological examination

② Age and gender distribution of 44 cases confirmed or suspected of cancer by cytological examination. (As of July 31, 2013)





※1  FT4: thyroid hormone with four iodine atoms; high in Basedow's (Graves') disease and low in Hashimoto's disease.
※2  FT3: thyroid hormone with three iodine atoms; high in Basedow's (Graves') disease and low in Hashimoto's disease.
※3  TSH: hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, which orders the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones; high in Hashimoto's disease and low in Basedow's (Graves')  disease.
※4  Tg (thyroglobulin): substance used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.  Present in the thyroid gland in a large quantity.  High levels indicate destruction of the thyroid gland or overproduction by tumor.
※5  TgAb (anti-thyroglobulin antibody): autoantibody against thyroglobulin; high in Hashimoto's disease or Basedow's (Graves') disease.
※6  TPOAb: autoantibody against an enzyme called peroxidase; high in Hashimoto's disease or Basedow's (Graves') disease.

④ Secondary examination results by municipalities, for in-prefecture examination (as of July 31, 2013)

FY2012 secondary examination results by municipalities for in-prefecture examination
※1  Initial examination subjects include both in-prefecture and out-of-prefecture examinees.
Those who require urgent clinical assessments will be given priorities for secondary examinations.  

FY2011 secondary examination results by municipalities for in-prefecture examination
※1  Initial examination subjects include both in-prefecture and out-of-prefecture examinees.
※2  Does not include the case that was suspected of cancer after biopsy, which turned out to be a benign nodule after surgery.
※3  Other includes subjects from outside the municipalities designated as the evacuation zone by the government but underwent thyroid ultrasound examination at schools.


(Attachment)

FY2013 thyroid examination results summary for five municipalities (as of July 31, 2013)

FY2012 thyroid examination results summary (as of July 31, 2013)

FY2011 thyroid examination results summary (as of July 31, 2013)
































Fukushima Thyroid Examination February 2024: 274 Surgically Confirmed as Thyroid Cancer Among 328 Cytology Suspected Cases

Note: From this post onward, the terms "Age 25+ Survey" and "Age 30+ Survey" are to replace "Age 25 Milestone Scree...